Summary about Pneumonia in English
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What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection that infects air sacs in one or both lungs. Airbags can become filled with fluid or pus (purulent substance) and cause cough with mucus or pus, fever, chills, and shortness of breath. Different organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. Pneumonia can be serious and can range from mild to deadly. This situation is particularly serious for infants and young children, for people over 65, as well as for people with health problems or a weak immune system.
Many viruses and bacteria that cause pneumonia can already live in the nose or throat. Your immune system usually keeps you away from your lungs. However, your immune system can be weakened because it is already fighting another disease or due to some other factors like organ transplantation. In addition, immune power decreases with age. Therefore, the risk of pneumonia is higher if you are over 65 years.
Causes of Pneumonia
Pneumonia is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and can also be contagious (spread through person-to-person contact). The causes of pneumonia include;
Community-acquired pneumonia is caused by bacteria, mycoplasmas, fungi, or viruses (influenza virus).
Hospital-acquired pneumonia spread through contact i.e through contaminated ventilators, using a contagious tongue depressor, etc.
Aspiration pneumonia is caused by inhalation of eatables or vomiting in the airways instead of swallowing.
Treatment for Pneumonia
The treatment therapy for pneumonia depends on the cause of the disease. The therapy includes;
Antibiotics: Bacterial pneumonia is treated using oral or IV antibiotic therapy depending on the patient's response to the therapy and the extent of the damage.
Antivirals: Viral pneumonia is treated by anti-viral therapy.
Cough Relievers: Cough syrups are prescribed by the doctor for symptomatic relief of cough and mucus production.
Painkillers and Antipyretics: Other treatment approaches imply the use of antipyretics for treating fever and painkillers like ibuprofen and acetaminophen for chest pain.
For critically ill patients, hospitalization may be required if the inflammation spreads across one or both the lungs, and for patients who require ventilation.
Complications associated with Pneumonia
If left untreated or unresponsive to the treatment, pneumonia results in;
Sepsis
Pleural effusion
Lungs failure
Chronic lung damage
Risk of developing Pneumonia
Pneumonia can occur in anybody but the risk of the infection increases in;
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