Summary about Thyroid Gland Diseases in English
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What is Thyroid Gland Disease?
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the throat that produces certain important hormones (T3 and T4) responsible for regulating essential processes in the body including metabolism and heart rate. Thyroid gland diseases are caused by various genetic, environmental, and dietary factors.
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Types of Thyroid Gland Diseases
Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. This thyroid gland disease is caused by;
Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland can reduce the amount of thyroid hormone production.
Iodine deficiency: Lower levels of iodine can decrease the production of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto’s disease: It is an autoimmune disease that can be hereditary.
Hyperthyroidism: It is caused by an overactive thyroid gland. This condition is caused by;
Grave’s disease: It is also known as a toxic goiter as the thyroid gland becomes overactive and produces abnormally high amounts of thyroid hormones.
Increased iodine consumption: Iodine increase results in the production and accumulation of large amounts of thyroid hormones.
Overactive nodules: The nodules within the thyroid gland become overactive. It can be multi-nodular if multiple nodules are involved.
Causes of Thyroid Gland Diseases
The causes linked to thyroid gland diseases include;
Autoimmune diseases
Genetic mutations
Radiation exposure
Family history
Dietary habits
Symptoms of Thyroid Gland Disease
The symptoms of thyroid disorders vary according to the type of the disease. The general signs and symptoms of thyroid diseases include;
Unexplained weight gain or weight loss
Weakness and fatigue
Irritability and confusion
Irregular menstrual bleeding
Increased hair growth
Heat or cold sensitivity
Diagnosis of Thyroid Gland Related Diseases
Thyroid disorders are diagnosed based on the following diagnostic tests;
Physical exam
Blood Tests specific to T3, T4, TSH, and FSH
Thyroid imaging involving thyroid scan and ultrasound to evaluate the structural deformities
Treatment of Thyroid disorders
The treatment for thyroid gland diseases is based on the type of the disease. The general treatment approach includes;
Hormonal therapy for an underactive thyroid gland produces low levels of thyroid hormones.
Beta-blockers for symptomatic management of the disease.
Thyroidectomy to surgically remove the overactive thyroid gland. This is followed by thyroid replacement therapy for the rest of your life.
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Risk of developing thyroid diseases
Thyroid diseases can affect both males and females but the prevalence ratio is high in females. The following individuals are at an increased risk of developing thyroid disorders;
Family history of thyroid diseases
Diabetes or certain other medical conditions
Taking medicines high in iodine
Females aged>50 years
People who have undergone treatment for thyroid cancer or other thyroid disorders, previously
Prevention of Thyroid Disorders
Diseases related to the thyroid gland can be prevented by the following measures;
Exercise: Exercise regularly to maintain body weight and strength.
Regular check-ups: Get regular check-ups and tests to keep a check on the hormone levels.
Diet: Dietary management to limit the over or under-consumption of iodine.
Medicines: Keep a track of all the medicines you are taking and inform the doctor about them on each visit.